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What Is Diabetes?

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Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, your pancreas releases insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your body’s cells for use as energy. With diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it as well as it should. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach your cells.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia, also called raised blood glucose or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.

Here are some global diabetes data for your reference.

  • The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.
  • Between 2000 and 2019, there was a 3% increase in diabetes mortality rates by age.
  • In 2019, diabetes and kidney disease due to diabetes caused an estimated 2 million deaths.
  • As of 2021, an estimated 537 million people had diabetes worldwide accounting for 10.5% of the adult population, with type 2 making up about 90% of all cases. It is estimated that by 2045, approximately 783 million adults, or 1 in 8, will be living with diabetes, representing a 46% increase from the current figures.The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations.Rates are similar in women and men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally.The global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare is an estimated US$760 billion a year.

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Symptoms of diabetes include:

  • feeling very thirsty
  • needing to urinate more often than usual
  • blurred vision
  • feeling tired
  • losing weight unintentionally
  • Over time, diabetes can damage blood vessels in the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves.

People with diabetes have a higher risk of health problems including heart attack, stroke and kidney failure.

Diabetes can cause permanent vision loss by damaging blood vessels in the eyes.

Many people with diabetes develop problems with their feet from nerve damage and poor blood flow. This can cause foot ulcers and may lead to amputation.

What are the different types of diabetes?

The most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable with current knowledge.

Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes and fatigue. These symptoms may occur suddenly, and the disease may present as an acute condition.

Type 2 diabetes

With type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. It stops the body from using insulin properly, which can lead to high levels of blood sugar if not treated.

Over time, type 2 diabetes can cause serious damage to the body, especially nerves and blood vessels. Factors that contribute to developing type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not getting enough exercise, and genetics.

Early diagnosis is important to prevent the worst effects of type 2 diabetes. The best way to detect diabetes early is to get regular check-ups and blood tests with a healthcare provider.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be mild. They may take several years to be noticed.  Symptoms may be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but are often less marked. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, after complications have already arisen.

More than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or adult onset. Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also occurring increasingly frequently in children. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle changes, such as:

  • Work to achieve a weight that’s healthy for you.
  • Eating healthy food.
  • Being active.
  • Quit smoking

 

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is hyperglycemia with blood glucose values above normal but below those diagnostics of diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after pregnancy.

Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery. These women and possibly their children are also at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than through reported symptoms.

What foods can diabetics eat freely?

Shirataki Noodles(Konjac Noodles)

Shirataki noodles, also known as Miracle noodles or konjac noodles, are made from vegetables, the konjac plant. They are similar to angel hair pasta or thin rice noodles in taste and texture to zucchini noodles or other spiralized veggie noodles. The konjac plant is an Asian root vegetable, sometimes known as elephant yam, have long been a staple of Japanese cuisine and has been used for thousands of years in Eastern traditional medicine. These Shirataki noodles absorb the flavors of the ingredients they are cooked with. They have a gelatinous consistency, a mild flavor, a slippery surface, and a somewhat rubbery texture.

 

Moreover, konjac fiber in shirataki noodles is the wonder of these miracle noodles. It is also referred to as konjac glucomannan or glucomannan fiber.   

 

Shirataki Noodles have a very low glycemic load index since they contain no carbohydrates. Shirataki noodles include soluble fiber, which can slow down the body’s absorption of carbohydrates. This can aid diabetics in preventing blood sugar rises. According to studies, the konjac flour used to make the shirataki noodles, glucomannan, improves type 2 diabetics’ blood glucose management, HDL cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. Moreover, the benefits of konjac fiber for blood sugar control may be since it is an extremely viscous, gel-like substance, which also aids in enhancing insulin sensitivity.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10372241/

 

  • Nuts

ResearchTrusted Source on a variety of different nuts has shown that regular consumption may reduce inflammation and help prevent weight gain.

 

Nuts may also help people with diabetes improve their heart health.

 

Research from 2019Trusted Source involving more than 16,000 participants with type 2 diabetes found that eating tree nuts — such as walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, and pistachios — lowered their risk of heart disease and death.

 

Research also indicates that nuts can improve blood glucose levels.

 

An older research reviewTrusted Source involving people with type 2 diabetes found that eating walnuts daily improved blood glucose levels.

Benefits of Nut Consumption on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Multiple Potential Mechanisms of Actions – PMC (nih.gov)

 

Nut Consumption in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus | Circulation Research (ahajournals.org)

 

Nut Consumption in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus | Circulation Research (ahajournals.org)

 

  • Whole Grains:

When we substitute refined grains with whole grains in our diet, it may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus.

Whole grains have loads of fibre and nutrients as compared to refined white grains. Fibre slows the digestion process, thus nutrients are absorbed by the body at a slower pace, preventing sudden spikes in blood sugar levels. Also, whole grains have a lower glycemic index (GI), thus having comparatively less impact on blood sugar levels.

Brown rice, bulgur wheat, buckwheat, oats, millet, quinoa and barley all are useful for diabetics.

Beta-glucans in oats and barley, prevent blood glucose levels from increasing after the intake of food.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163785/

 

  • Greek Yogurt:

Greek yogurt is rich in protein, calcium, and probiotics and low in carbohydrates. It also has a low glycemic index (GI). Unsweetened, low-fat Greek yogurt regulates blood glucose levels and may prevent the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetics can have Greek yogurt along with meals or have it as a snack between major meals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424779/

 

  • Cinnamon:

Cinnamon may reduce the risk of diabetes and related complications.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327163793_Anti-Diabetic_Activity_of_Cinnamon_A_Review

 

Cinnamon enhances the release of insulin and the signaling of insulin receptors, thus helping in the management of diabetes. It is also a powerful antioxidant, preventing the development of diabetes. Cinnamon also prevents a sudden rise in sugar levels after meals.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21711570/

 

  • Apple Cider Vinegar:

Apple cider vinegar is made by subjecting the juice obtained from apples to fermentation. It also contains vitamin C, B vitamins, and acetic acid.

Apple cider vinegar effectively reduces blood glucose levels after meals and is also known to improve the function of insulin. Thus, it is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313099915 The_Potential_of_Apple_Cider_Vinegar_in_the Management_of_Type_2_Diabetes

 

  • Berries:

Berries are powerful antioxidants. They are also rich in Vitamin C and fibre. Berries also have a low GI value.

Berries like blueberries, and strawberries were found to be useful in regulating blood glucose levels and thus proved to be beneficial for diabetics.

https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-berry-research/jbr137

Do you know of any other foods that can be eaten directly by diabetics? Please feel free to comment below.

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